Solutions available. Connect single 3-way stopcock directly to hub with stopcock “off” to the patients. A stopcock for use with a syringe, the stopcock comprising: a stopcock body including: a central axial opening formed in the stopcock body; a first stopcock luer connector extending radially from the stopcock body and in fluid communication with the central axial opening; and a second stopcock luer connector. 00/Item) FREE delivery Tue, Nov 28 on $35 of items shipped by Amazon. P/N: 100-1140-X100: Amazon. 5 mL in Pipet 2 Pipet, Empty Short Stem 1 Sodium Hydroxide, 0. 01 Total volume of NaOH used (mL) 8. The pulse-free, dispensing operation of the Continuous burettes makes titration safer at high-level precision. Bears packers spread 2013. Check for air bubbles (especially in the syringe tip) and remove them if possible. Move the beaker away from the titrator and place a crumpled paper towel directly below the titrator. Glass Stopcocks; Plastic Stopcocks; Stopcock Plug Assembly Replacements; Stoppers, Lab & Industrial. 02. Make additions to burettes and narrow neck containers easily with this flared top thistle tube. NaOH Titration Volume Initial NaOH Volume (mL) 8. The LifeFlow system with its proprietary 10 mL syringe was connected to the 500 mL fluid bag using the manufacturer-provided tubing setup. Gather the test tube holder, small stopcock, 10-mL syringe (titrator), and either 2 thick textbooks and the lab kit or 5-6 thick textbooks. Includes Schellbach backing for easy reading of liquid levels. 33 ml Data Table 2. Figure 7. x 646 mm L. Figure 4. 2 Micron Filter: 50/CS: Stock Allocated QTY: / Remaining QTY: / Allocation Reset Date:This week’s journal article was focused on how information and communication innovation drives change in educational settings. The stopcock barrel has a smooth micro-finish to ensure leak-resistant performance. Saf-T Holder™ devices come with the back-end needle and multi-sample Luer permanently attached to the holder to minimize potential exposures and holder re-use. Products Building Blocks Explorer Genes Papers Technical Documents Site Content Chromatograms. Laboratory Material Plastics & Ceramics. Objectives To develop familiarity with the concepts and techniques of titration To determine the concentration of an acetic acid solution 117 ©Hands-On Labs, Inc. Extension Questions 8. This inexpensive portable titration set features a 2mm straight stopcock with PTFE plug. These stopcocks are easily integrated with other stopcocks, manifolds, adapters, tubing, needles, and glass syringes. 4 ), which is a long, narrow tube with graduated markings and equipped with a stopcock for dispensing the titrant. Extension Questions 8. If the tip of the syringe, "The Titrator", was not filled with NaOH. Hold the syringe straight up so the air bubble is up in top of the syringe and gently push until3-way stopcocks are a great tool to efficiently drain air and effusions from the body cavities. Pull back on the empty syringe plunger to approximately the 8 ml mark on the syringe and while maintaining negative pressure, turn the stopcock off to the empty syringe. TL 7500 KF 10: 285220820 Basic unit + 10ml burette head + stand/stirrer/pump + vessel. Contact Supplier. Occasionally, this device is referred to as a manual flow regulator or simply as an IV flow regulator. Syringes and needles; Polycarbonate Stopcock, Four Way, Type A; Previous. Explore all our special offers, all in one place. The opposite end and the side ports have a female port design to accept the male luer-locking connection of an administration set or syringe. Gather the test tube holder, small stopcock, 10-mL syringe (titrator), and 2 thick textbooks and the LabPaq box or 5-6 thick textbooks. This setup can be referenced in Photo #3 below. Figure caption is an adequate description of the image. Needles & Syringes; Orthopedic & Physical Therapy;. g. Used for making stopcock , that are added in burette for titration. Stopcock for Syringes and Economy Burets. The stopcock valve is opened and closed by a knob or lever that is attached to the valve. You use it basically the same way you would a VAMP; attach an empty syringe to each of the 2 ports, draw the waste into the upstream syringe, close the. Procedure 1 Gather the test tube holder, small stopcock, 10-ml syringe (titrator), and 2 thick textbooks and the lab kit box or 5-6 thick textbooks. 581. 2. Gather the test tube holder, small stopcock, 10-mL syringe (titrator), and 2 thick textbooks and the LabPaq box or 5-6 thick textbooks. The volume of titrant used during a titration will always be the exact same throughout three trials. All sizes are supplied with a 2mm stopcock bore plug. Ceramic valve disc. Gather the test tube holder, small stopcock, 10-mL syringe (titrator), and either 2 thick textbooks and the lab kit or 5-6 thick textbooks. 5 mL in Pipet 2 Pipet, Empty Short Stem 1 Sodium. $1899 ($3. Expert Answer. acetone after cleaning, then dried in an oven at 100°C for at least 1 h and 9. 5mm (1/4 to 3/8") I. All sizes furnished with a 2mm bore stopcock plug. Pediatrics (1955) 16 (1): 108. NaOH Titration Volume. Made from nickel plated brass or stainless steel The flow of liquid from the tube to the burette tip is controlled by the stopcock valve. Get more out of your subscription* Access to over 100 million course-specific study resources; 24/7 help from Expert Tutors on 140+ subjects; Full access to over 1 million Textbook Solutions; SubscribeThe ENFit 4-way stopcock has a female connector (to connect to an ENFit feeding tube) and two male connectors to connect with ENFit accessories (ENFit syringes, extension sets etc). 2. 1 mL gradations. Compare this item. Declaration of conformity acc. Data Table 1. 3. T, ET Wide) Data Tabie 1: NOH Titration Volume Initial NWOH Volume ImL) Tr . Class A, ASTM E-284, meets USP standards, individually serialized and certified. 5-mL of the 0. Automatic burette, Silberbrand, class B. Note: Please read all steps and safety information before starting the procedure. Typically, adenosine is administered as an initial 6mg rapid IV bolus over 1 – 2 seconds followed by a rapid 10 – 20mL saline flush. Twist devices together until a click is heard and the Spiros begins to rotate freely. 1. See Figure 5. A titration is one of the most common quantitative lab techniques for determining the concentration of an unknown chemical. with a 50-mL syringe or by partially draining the solution if the titration chamber is provided with a stopcock. 5. Products. 1. Close the syringe stopcock and begin filling the syringe with the sodium hydroxide solution. 1 mL Delivery end fitted into plastic push-button stopcock. With a ball valve, stopcocks control the flow of liquids and low pressure gases in delivery systems. See Figure 4. 9. Burettes deliver a chemical solution with a known concentration into a flask. ToToT 5PCS Disposable Medical Valve 2-Way Stopcocks with Luer Connections Male Lock for School Projects, Hobbies DIY Experimental Research Projects. 02: Position of stopcock for withdrawal of blood. For gas measuring burettes, the stopcock is. Compare this item. The first number in front of the letter G indicates the gauge of the needle. Enhance your lab’s accuracy with YSI TITRONIC® 300 Manual Titrator. The 800 Dosino and the 807 Dosing Unit associated with it are suitable as a buret for simple dosings, titrations and for complex automation and liquid handling tasks such as sample transfers or pipetting. If the approximate concentration is known, the titration will proceed quickly until shortly before the end point. 5 mL 1 – Vinegar, 20 mL in. release one drop at a time from the titrator. If SVT termination failed, a second dose of adenosine (12 mg per 4 ml) in a 5 ml syringe was administered. With dated batch identification. 7. See Figure 6. DYNJSC1FF. Gather the test tube holder, small stopcock, 10 mL syringe (titrator), and either 2 thick textbooks and the lab kit box or 5-6 thick textbooks. This can be accomplished with a 50-mL syringe or by partially draining the solution if the titration chamber is provided with a stopcock. … 1068 Words; 5 Pages; Better Essays. SGS Serial NO. The only essential equipment for an acid–base titration is a means for delivering the titrant to the titrand’s solution. Gather the test tube holder, small stopcock, 10-mL syringe (titrator), and either 2 thick textbooks and the lab kit or 5-6 thick textbooks. Procedure Gather the test tube holder, small stopcock, 10-mL syringe (titrator), and either 2 thick textbooks and the lab kit or 5-6 thick textbooks. This will fill the tip of the burette with solution and get rid of any air bubbles in the tip. 1. Abstract. Ceramic valve disc. Figure 4. 0 mL of vinegar. Gather the test tube holder, small stopcock, 10-mL syringe (titrator), and either 2 thick textbooks and the lab kit box or 5-6 thick textbooks. How is the reactant solution of unknown concentration called in a titration? Analyte. 1-arm-stopcock 2-arms-stopcock 2-arms-stopcock acc. Includes a PTFE needle valve stopcock, intermediate stopcock and rubber bellows. Reservoir stopper is medium length Standard Taper 14/20. Syringes or micro. False. True. 3. Remove the plunger from the titrator and place it back in your LabPaq box. Return the 20 mL of the rinsed sodium hydroxide to the 250 mL beaker. Allow this excess solution to drain into a waste flask. Item #: AP9159. 1. Titration (also known as titrimetry [1] and volumetric analysis) is a common laboratory method of quantitative chemical analysis to determine the concentration of an identified analyte (a substance to be analyzed). 01-911-106. Accessoires for automatic burettes, Dr. Unlike a pipette, the sample quantity delivered by a burette is changeable. Fancy a chat? You can contact us on. Turn the lever so that it points. 2-way and 3-way Connections This polypropylene stopcock has a detachable, watertight and inert Teflon® PTFE plug that contacts any fluid being dispensed. Automatic Titrator for volumetric KF-Titration. See Figure 6. Emshwiller carol. Save with limited-time price reductions across select products and categories. Ideally, two rinse functions at the beginning of every shift (8 hour period) is recommended. Titrators. top with a 41mm (1-5/8") O. Standard equipment for the titrator types varies. Catalog No. . 13. A buret should be cleaned and primed before use. Or fastest delivery Mon, Oct 30. Typically, the titrant (the known solution) is added from a burette to the known quantity of the analyte (the unknown solution) until the reaction is complete. Water Hardness Titration. Stopcock, translucent wash bottles and may also be used for disposable or plastic beakers. The stopcock valve controls the fluid flow from the burette, either in a steady stream or drop by drop. Burets are used to deliver precise amounts of a. Product Type: stopcocks ; Material: Nylon. The infection rates prior to the initiation of stopcocks ranges from 26. Define primary standard. 0 mL of titrant (NaOH) to the contents of the beaker (HC 2 H 3 O 2 + water + indicator). 1 ml, Class B lateral glass tap with 3210175 PART NO. Use the pH meter to measure the pH of the solution following this addition. Head has sufficient storage space to allow solvent removal by syringe or drainage through 2mm T-bore PTFE (Polytetrafluorethylene) stopcock. 01-911-105. 04 with Subscribe & Save discount. Figure 4. Stopcocks are used to grossly regulate the flow of tap water in residential and commercial. 2 micron filter (1. Pet animals rather a dog, cat, gerbil, or rabbit often learn from a. Mettler Toledo ™ Piston for DV1010 and DV910 T. This inexpensive portable titration set features a 2mm straight stopcock with PTFE plug. Related Products: Digital Burette. 70Sunton China Medical Latex Foley Catheters 300-400mm Length Disposable All Silicone Urinary Catheter Factory Surgical Grade Latex Foley Male Urinary Catheter. PTFE stopcock. c. stored in a desiccator. 4. 7. pdf from CHE 111 at Denbigh High. 20 Final NaOH Volume Trial 1 Trial 2 Trial 3 (mL) 0. Titration for Acetic Acid in Vinegar Lab Experiment Summary Students will have the opportunity to use titration techniques to determine. The concentration of acetic acid in vinegar may be expressed as a molarity (in mol/L): Molarity = Moles of Acetic Acid Volume of Vinegar (in L) (11. 9. Satisfactory Essays. Compare Product No. 4. Stopcocks (Per Pack 100), 3-Way Nylon Stopcocks with Clear PC Lock Rotating Ring or Tomopal Nylon Stopcock with Clear PC Lock Rotating Ring for Industrial and Laboratory uses. 2 Stopcocks have a male port that luer locks to the hub of the VAD, or the female end of an administration set. 4 for the 5 pre-years assessed versus 35. Fitting into corresponding female joint parts, the plugs come in any number of bore hole arrangements. Three-way models allow connection of two or three arms. (Do not reuse the acid in the beaker – this should be rinsed down the sink. Description Cadence Science® stopcocks are precision-machined, individually lapped, and carefully mated to maintain pressure characteristics. NOTE 2—Two good references on pyridine-free reagents are the Hydranal® Manual-Eugen Schotz Reagents for Karl Fischer Titration, 6. The. Pressure rating…. These are the instructions for the lab and I have posted my data table results. Proper hand positioning for titration. Product Type: stopcocks ;. • Distilled water • 1 White paper • Toothpicks • Scissors • 1 Beaker, 100 mL, glass • 2 Beaker, 50 mL, plastic • 1 Cylinder-25-mL • 1 Syringe-Titrator-10mL • 1 Syringe-Titrator-Stopcock • 1 Test-tube-clamp-holder • Experiment Bag for Titration for Acetic Acid in Vinegar • 1 Phenolphthalein Solution, 1% - 0. Procedure 1 Gather the test tube holder, small stopcock, 10-ml syringe (titrator), and 2 thick textbooks and the lab kit box or 5-6 thick textbooks. 5mm (1/4 to 3/8") I. KIM-KAP dust cap is included White ceramic enamel scale. The borosilicate glass buret is filled by pressure through a tube extending from the bottle up inside the graduated tube. Each burette is supplied with a dust cover, and all sizes are furnished with a 2-mm bore stopcock plug. 32. Results Syringe dead space for 1 and 2. 01911107. 4. Stopcock connects to and forms a tight seal with Luer Lock syringes. The infection rates prior to the initiation of stopcocks ranges from 26. The higher the. • Made from nickel plated brass. SmartSite™ Extension Set slide clamp(s), 4-way stopcock (off indicator), 2 SmartSite™ needle-free valve(s) 4", 28" from spin male luer lock. Attach the stopcock to the tip of the titrator by placing the larger, clear, plastic end of the stopcock into the tip of the. The Stopcock is Sterile. syringes and needles. Nov 12, 2014. to Schiff Bag-stopcock acc. Titration. As the tubing exited the device, it was attached to a piece of extension tubing with a three-way Hi-Flo stopcock and a 33 inch extension (Smiths Medical, Dublin, OH, USA). See Figure 6. In addition, she says, “Making sure that. D. Fill your syringe with approximately 5 mL of distilled water. Furthermore, such a three way bears the weight of gas tubing without “sinking” with the attached cannula. The major advantage to this approach is that it obviates the need for any syringe switching or stopcock swiveling. - Road pins travis perkins - Shakespeare true or false - Week 5 Discussion - Trouble in the truss construction shop critical thinking - Healthcare Financial Management and Decision Making - Success factors eg login - Case Study BSN - Her scars creed fisher lyrics - Goodstart early learning policies - Winthrop a model of christian charity pdf. 1. A burette (also spelled as buret) [1] is a graduated glass tube with a tap at one end, for delivering known volumes of a liquid, especially in titrations. For height adjustments, recompress mechanism and slide buret up or down and…. to DIN 12600. Tapered tip can be connected to 1/8 inside diameter tubing. 1 ml. These stopcocks are easily integrated with other stopcocks, manifolds, adapters, tubing, needles, and glass syringes. Silicone plunger tip. In Stock. P/N: 100-1130-X050: Amazon. A magnetic stirrer is included in the package which connects to the TFT display module via USB, providing excellent mixing during the titration. Place a clean dry 10 mL graduated cylinder under the tip of the syringe. “Making sure the electrode is stored in the correct solution and calibrated properly will help reduce fluctuations. Keep up the care. Titration for Acetic Acid in Vinegar-Lab Report Exercise 1: Determining the Concentration of Acetic Acid Data Table 1. The ENFit 4-Way stopcock is used to provide and alternative route to administer enteral medication down a feeding tube. 10 mL Plastic Syringe, Pack of 100 (1) 100 mL Glass Titration Vessel, Pack of 20 (1) 250 mL Glass Titration Vessel, Pack of 10 (1) 3-Part Tube Set (1) 3/2-Way Valve (1) 500 g Silica Gel (1) 80 x 0. Figure 3 shows an image of the titrator and small stopcock. Pressure rating…. A fully transparent body made of medical-grade. 06Review the safety materials. 78Timo Сн,соопnvnov 4. Bel-Art™ SP Scienceware™ Two-Piece Stopcocks. Eco Titrator는 분석을 완전히 자동으로 수행합니다. Find Glass Stopcocks for your Chemical Lab now at SpectrumChemical. The primary function of this…. Concentration of CH3COOH in Vinegar. Burette, DURAN®, class B, blue graduated, lateral glass stopcock Hirschmann Laborgerate Burettes 50:0. Gather the test tube holder, small stopcock, 10-mL syringe (titrator), and either 2 thick textbooks and the STEMpaq box or 5-6 thick textbooks. The Buret. Unopened, original contents sealed within. 32 / Piece. The assembly is made using aseptic technique. Disposable Adult 1000, 1500, 2000ml Urine Collection Drainage Bag, Medical Grade PVC Urinary Meter Collector Drainage Leg Bag Pull-Push/Cross/T Valve, Find Details and Price about Titration Infusion Set IV Infusion Set from Disposable Adult 1000, 1500, 2000ml Urine Collection Drainage Bag, Medical Grade PVC Urinary Meter Collector Drainage Leg Bag. 6. Showing 1-6 of 6 results for "3-way stopcock syringes" within Products. Titrator and small stopcock. SKU. Find the stopcock and shut it off immediately to prevent flooding. 2-way and 3-way Connections This polypropylene stopcock has a detachable, watertight and inert Teflon® PTFE plug that contacts any fluid being dispensed. 4 for the 5 pre-years assessed versus 35. “The best way to deal with any fluctuations in system performance or sample results is to make sure you are taking care of your titration system,” Carey says. See Figure 6. com. 72 sq. The stopcock is opened and the plunger moves to inject the trapped air into a rigid container that initially holds 1 lb of air at 1. These are the instructions for the lab and I have posted my data table results. 3. 0 mL mark. Catalog No. Titrator. 1 M sodium hydroxide. Since HCl is added in the reaction mixture which will lead to the f. For replacement glass Standard Taper stoppers, see No. 3 Glass Syringe, 20-mL, fitted with an 11. Volumetry has the advantages that solid or pasty samples can be introduced directly into the titration vessel. Or fastest delivery Mon, Nov 27. Procedure I gather the test tube holder small stopcock 10 mL syringe and some from CHE 112L at Northern Kentucky University. 50 mL, plastic 1 Cylinder-25-mL 1 Syringe-Titrator-10mL 1 Syringe-Titrator-Stopcock 1 Test-tube-clamp-holder Experiment Bag Titration for Acetic Acid in Vinegar 1 Phenolphthalein Solution, 1% - 0. Corning. These 30mL PYREX® pear-shaped separatory funnels have glass No. Three Way Stop Cock, which is also referred as “ 3-way tap ”, is a device with 2 female Luer ports and a male Luer lock that provide the ability to open, close, and even reduce lines down to one for drug infusion. Scale is durable white ceramic enamel Plain top 1988K10 has 1 mL subdivisions and a tolerance of ±2. Compare this item. 3. Materials and Methods: Items out of the lab pack: goggles, gloves, 25mL cylinder, 100mL beaker, the corresponding experiment bag, along with a sample of my tap water, toothpicks, and distilled water. Identified Q&As 57. 2. A stopcock valve is a valve that is used to control the flow of a liquid or gas. Using the stopcock, allow a few drops of the EDTA solution to flow through the titrator into the paper towel. 10 mL burettes are usually graduated each 0. Favorite item to keep tabs on it! Saved!Mettler Toledo™. 1988K30 has 10 mL subdivisions and a. Match Criteria:. Adapter features an inner joint at the bottom and an 8-425 GPI thread at top that accepts an 89075-244 cap with hole and an 89064-072 PTFE faced septum to allow insertion of a syringe needle. Draining the buret. The TitroLine® 7500 KF is a compact, easy-to-use volumetric titrator for water determination according to Karl Fischer (KF) with a typical operating range of 0. Calibrated to deliver (TD, EX). This will open the stopcock to the Cathflo Activase. The only consistent attribute is that the valve is designed to completely stop the flow when closed fully. Phone: +353 (0)1 4523432. Bring the bottom of the meniscus to the 0. add NaOH to the titrator. Product information . e. A manual burette fulfills these requirements - Stopcock: add small volumes - Grading: accurate volume reading 15. The funnel was placed on top of the syringe and a clean 100 mL beaker was placed below the. Compare Product No. Safety, Gloves, Glasses & Cleaning. ₹999. True Lab Borosilicate glass Burette 50ml Capacity Pack of 1 class B For Accurate Liquid Dispensing for Laboratory (50ml Burette) 10. Compare this itemThe titrator stops the titration immediately after adding the sample and entering the weight with a result of 0 µg, although the sample contains water. Cleanroom Mops30 items. KIMAX cylinder calibrated to contain at 20°C. 1mL Capacity: 50mL Replacement stopcock is 41500F-2 (8682B22). Log in Join. If the tip of the syringe, "The Titrator", was not filled with NaOH before the initial volume reading was recorded, would the concentration of acetic acid in vinegar of that trial be greater than Q&A Struggling to figure out % CH 3 COOH in vinegar, please see below for experiment results. Samples of dithionite solutions re- Test Tubes with Rack, YGDZ 50pcs 16x100mm Clear Plastic Test Tubes with Caps and Holder Rack for Nurse Party Decorations Halloween Party Favors. Browse a full range of Stopcocks products from leading suppliers. • Take a 10 ml syringe with 9 ml of normal saline • Into this syringe, draw up 1 ml of epinephrine from the car-diac amp (Cardiac amp contains Epinephrine 100 mcg/ml) • Now you have 10 mls of Epinephrine 10 mcg/ml Has alpha and beta1/2 effects so it is an inopressor Do not give cardiac arrest doses (1 mg) to patients with a pulse Onset-1. United Scientific Supplies. Reveiw the Procedure: Insertion and Setup of Codman EDS 3 TM External Ventricular Drainage Unit 2. The buret’s small. In titration, a known volume of one solution (the titrant) is slowly added to another solution (the analyte) until the desired endpoint is reached. Vinegar is essentially a solution of acetic acid ( HC2H3O2 HC 2 H 3 O 2) in water. The three-way stopcock connected and glued to the syringe. Item #: AP9159. a. With the completely depressed syringe screwed onto the stopcock, open the stopcock and retract the plunger to the 20 mL mark to remove air from the flask and then close the stopcock. Connections This polypropylene stopcock has a detachable, watertight and inert Teflon® PTFE plug that contacts any fluid being dispensed. Disassemble the stopcock, noting carefully how it is assembled, then clean the bore of the buret with a warm solution of Alconox. . Replacement part for DV1020 titration burette. The working principle. Each for $284. Protocol for Lab 5 – Aerobic Respiration Part 1 Isolation of Mitochondria from Cauliflower - Weigh 50g of rosettes cut from fresh cauliflower head. 65289 Male Luer Cap, Vented, White. (3) Class A Volumetric Pipets, 50mL (1) Straight Buret with PTFE Stopcock, 50mL (6) Tall Form Berzelius Beakers, 200mL (1) Rubber Bulb (1) Buret Stand with Clamp. Automatic titration does have a few start-up costs associated with it, and full-sized automatic titrators can cost from $3,000 to over $20,000. Gather the test tube holder, small stopcock, 10-mL syringe (titrator), and either 2 thick. End Point: You may add the titration solution quickly until a few milliliters less than the endpoint. 19 Average Volume of NaOH Used (mL): 7. With the stopcock in the closed position, fill the titrator with 9 to 10 mL of the EDTA solution. Read the entire procedure for the Introductory Activity. The packaging will have a number, then a "G," and then another number. Sunton Dental Irrigation Syringe China Feeding Syringe Supplier Irrigation Syringe 50ml 60ml 100ml 150ml 250ml Medical Plastic Large. 2022-08-31. Mettler Toledo STOPCOCK F/DV1000 SER BURETT Supplier: Mettler Toledo 51107537 STOPCOCK F/DV1000 SER BURETT. Close the syringe stopcock and begin filling the syringe with the sodium hydroxide solution. Gilde opleidingen lipdub. In the open method, a nurse draws donor blood through a two-way stopcock which is connected to the bottle by autoclaved polyvinyl tubing. Contact Now. Remove the dressing and clean around the tube with sterile saline using a cotton ball or Q-tip. Remove the plunger from the titrator and place it back in your LabPaq box. Precision bore tubing is used these 25mL Class A PYREX® burets to assure accuracy between any two points. Record this value in your data table alongside the measured volume. 2. Used for titrations because of their precision and accuracy, automatic burets are designed for lab use, water treatment plants and field analysis, among other applications. in 1% subdivisions, this borosilicate glass buret is used to determine the degree of dissociation of ammonia during the nitriding of steel alloys.